Literature Review Essay Example

Literature Review Essay Example Literature Review Essay Literature Review Essay so they remained homeless after being released from hospital Choose make up h of Pl in hospitals and 1/16 of Pl in maximum security prisons Biological cause (c. F. Mineral paresis) Freud supported this view. Others blamed families for creating stressful environments that led to schizophrenia Characteristics Auditory hallucinations†hear voices that arent really there, no real external stimuli delusions, thought disorderspreposterous ideas, unable to make good decisions Language typicalitys†grammatically correct but doesnt really make sense Ex) If you had a star on your head, would you swallow marbles? Poverty of speech/ language Incoherent,go off on tangents Irrelevant Mix up and misuse homonyms (sense and cents; sea and see) Made up words Dress strangely, odd sleep patterns Suspicion of others, irrational fears Drug Treatments French gudgeon during French invasion of Indo China found that many soldiers were raving about pain and hallucinating. Used Throatier/Chlorinating Throatier decreased hallucinations and raving†but did not cure schizophrenia Thought to impact dopamine Some adverse side effects† slows down the person, passive, zombie like involuntary movements or ticks Cellophane (more recent drug) avoids passivity side effects inhibits serotonin and dopamine down side: 1-2 % experienced dramatic loss of white blood cells which resulted in decreased disease resistance Expensive Pl felt like they had woken up from a really long nap†this is stressful b/c feel like have done nothing with past 30 years of life Exodus from State Hospitals With new drug treatments, many symptoms of schizophrenia disappear 30% Pl are treatment resistant, and 30% have some chichi flare ups Genetics Chances that a person will have chichi: If both parents are chichi: 46 % chance Identical twin: 46-50% chance General population: 1% chance 1 parent has chichi: 5. % Sibling: Fraternal twin: 9% Things involved other than genes†could be a virus or environmental response. Evaluate situation out of hospital: Positive home life = decreased possibility of recurrence Stressful home life = increased likelihood to be back in mental hospital Debate b/w: Psychological approach Psychosocial variables that may be origin (Personal experience or early childhood experience) Biological approach Genetic predisposition Hormones Can visualize brain and see differences inboard of identical twins, one healthy and one with schizophrenia The one with chichi has larger ventricles, showing a loss of brain tissue Chichi is change in brain structure Actually, it is an interaction b/w the two approaches And possibly a cultural factor too Lenience Symptoms: Persistent sad moods, guild, worthlessness, decreased energy, difficulties sleeping, change in weight, aches, pains, suicidal thoughts Dont get out of bed for days Statistics: Single largest debilitating disorder†4. 8 million Pl 17% of US population Sex difference†women are more likely (20%) than men (10%) As a side note†autism also favors males If only have 1 major episode: 50% chance you will have another If 2: 70% chance you will have another If 3: 90% chance you will have another Expensive†loss of productivity in economy b/c Pl take of work; results in billions of dollars lost Cross cultural differences Ex) Iraq†chronically stressful environment 0 increased likelihood of having major depressive episode May be some genetic component Onset†learned helplessness If gradual deterioration of loved one (like a parent), and the person feels as though hey cant do anything to change the situation. Then, they move in with the sick relative, away from their network of friends and co-workers If the loved one dies, then depression is likely Unpopular Depression Depressive episodes bipolar Depression (manic depressive) incredible mood swings, mania; little sleep; think they can take on the world and have risky behavior during these highs and then a massive low point afterwards Martin salesman? learned helplessness ex. Nursing homes Behavioral Psychotherapy and Social-Learning Approach l. Behavior Modification A. Rewards and punishment 1 . Victor, the wild child (dart), very first use of rewards and punishments 2. Rewards and chronic schizophrenia (Alone and Czarina), had to distinguish what was considered a reward for each person II. Trauma to Anxiety and Phobia when things that co-occur with a trauma can cause a phobic reaction A. Classical conditioning Pavlov, a bell or noise that co- occurred with the presentation of meat to a dog, eventually Just the bell sound alone will cause the dog to salivate B. Systematic desensitizing method of exposing someone gradually to their phobia Ill. Social-Learning Theory (Bandanna)

6 Reasons Why Truck Drivers Leave Their Jobs

6 Reasons Why Truck Drivers Leave Their Jobs It may not always look like like it from the outside, but trucking is tough. Life on the road with the radio blaring might seem a bit fun, but along with some of the perks can unfortunately come a lot of downsides. According to recent studies, here are the top reasons a truck driver might leave a trucking job. It won’t come as a surprise that most truckers cited more than one reason when asked about their biggest job complaint.1. Pay and PerksRoughly half of drivers surveyed say that making more money was their number one consideration when leaving one job for another. Benefits are also a huge consideration: 34% of truckers surveyed succumb to the lure of better health coverage.2. No Time at HomeThis is another big factor- roughly 41% of drivers say more time at home becomes a huge priority. Even if money is a major motivating factor for most people who do leave, only about 20% leave for that reason. Time at home is often much more of a factor.3.  Not Jiving with a Superviso rPeople leave people- not companies. If a driver doesn’t mesh well with his supervisor, that can be a very difficult situation to sustain. Personalities are important and finicky, but the workplace is surprisingly about relationships. Make these work, and people will be more likely to stick around.4. Dispatch DissatisfactionIf a driver is not getting dispatched or scheduled the way they prefer, this can be a huge annoyance. A lot of this can be solved with new computer technologies that streamline the process.5. Not Being Paid FairlyPerhaps a driver didn’t get paid for detention time or other â€Å"duties,† this can really drive an employee to frustration- even quitting- especially if it happens multiple times per month.6. OverregulationService rules for when a driver is allowed to drive, sleep, etc. can really put a cramp in a trucker’s style. Single rules don’t always universally make things better for truckers. When these get too onerous, even e xperienced veteran doctors can turn tail and leave- and the profession suffers.Those are just the main reasons. Sometimes truckers just want to retire, or leave the transportation industry for something else to get a change of pace. For some, health problems require a different kind of working style. Trucking is one of the most common jobs in every state, and one of the most physically and emotionally grueling, at times. For those who stick it out, the benefits can be rewarding. But sometimes, when the bad outweighs the good, it’s time to look to another path.

Factors affecting performance - Fluid intake Essay

Factors affecting performance - Fluid intake - Essay Example Additionally, blood plasma ensures that the arteries and other blood vessels have sufficient fluids. This prevents potential clogging of such tissues. In line with the above fact is the issue of blood pressure. Water plays a cardiovascular function; it ensures that the heart and the surrounding components of the system work correctly. Clogging in the blood vessels may lead to high blood pressure among various illnesses. 2 Water is a transport agent in the body; it is responsible for the transportation of nutrients, waste products, hormones, buffering agents as well as medication or other supplements. Waste products are eliminated from the body through a detoxification process. Water facilitates this by absorbing waste products from cells and transporting them to excretory organs such as the skin or kidney. 3 An example of such a waste product is excess amino acids. The amino acids are converted into urea and eventually eliminated from the body through the kidneys. Water moves this product from the cells. It also moves nutrients into the cells by acting as a solvent for them. Typical examples include glucose, vitamins and other minerals. Through this process, water enhances the body’s ability to metabolise nutrients and thus makes them available in the body. 4 It also plays a critical role in the transportation of hormones. For instance, it facilitates the transportation of insulin. This hormone works on glucose molecules in order to produce energy needed for physiological needs in the body. It is because of this function that blood has an effect on blood sugar levels hence susceptibility to diabetes. Transportation of buffering agents also occurs through the blood. The body needs to have a constant ph level of between 7.38 and 7.42. 5 Buffering agents are mild bases or acids designed to counter sudden increases in acidity or alkalinity of the blood. Examples here include a phosphate

Final project - intellectual property ( the ethical implications of Essay

Final project - intellectual property ( the ethical implications of file sharing ) - Essay Example Thus, the computers that are used to share the information and files are called ‘peers’ as they do the functions of both; retrieve information and store it. Although this type of sharing was introduced by the technology so that it could help the users to share their digital files such as photos, documents etc, and was thus not initially known to be anything illegal or unethical, there is evidence seen of unauthorized sharing of the data which is copyrighted. This unauthorized and unethical file sharing is what has contributed towards the file sharing controversies in the recent past. This may also become an issue of piracy and infringement of rights as the legal owner of the copyright is not benefitting from the file sharing. However, without clear definition of infringement rights from the file owner, it becomes quite a daunting task to classify file sharing as ethical or ethically wrong. Initially when the idea of the file sharing was introduced, the technologists had not thought about the impact that it would have on the society. In the present day when the practise has become so common, it can be analyzed that it comes to the people with good and bad aspects. At many places technology provides ease and at the same time takes away much. In this way, the popularity of the file transferring had allowed many users to use it for personal data transfers to reduce the time taken but on the other hand, it entered many controversies and thus adverse impacts for the society which included unethical effects too. The impact of the file sharing in the society is used as the best example for the ethical judgment of the file sharing practise (Lucibella 32). Piracy occurs when illegal file sharing takes place along with the illegal downloading associated with the internet. The internet piracy is considered to be dangerous and is illegal. Out of the many, file

In the name of the father Essay Example for Free

In the name of the father Essay Often a film conveys a message about a character through various film techniques. This is true in the film â€Å"In The Name of the Father†. This story is mainly about a young man who is arrested for a crime he did not commit and how a relationship between father and son deepens throughout the tragedy. The main character, Gerry Conlon, is first portrayed to the viewer as an unruly rebel but is later developed into a more docile and compliant character. The director, Jim Sheridon, uses film techniques such as costume design, dialogue and extended metaphors to convey the development of Gerry as a character. 1st paragraph: -1st time we see gerry, scruffy, uncut -costume design baggy jeans, long hair, dirty appearance -gives idea that gerry doesn’t care about his appearance or what people think of him -as film progresses he sharpens up appearance -combed pulled back hair 2nd: -change also shown through dialogue -lawyer asks him if he is scared of the court: -he replies â€Å"i just don’t want to be humiliated again† -this brief piece of dialogue shows that he has now changed and does care what others think of him -helps viewer understand how desperate an innocent man can be in the fight for justice 3rd: -use of extended metaphor -viewer sees lawyer gareth pierce driving through a long tunnel while listening to gerrys story -this could be viewed as an extended metaphor for the long dark road gerry has gone down while fighting the legal system -as the story draws to a conclusion she reaches the end of the tunnel, or the ‘light at the end of the tunnel’ -could refer to the point in the story where gerry and the others are finally set free

Alternative Medicines: Homeopathy, Acupuncture, Aromatherapy, Chiroprac

An ancient Chinese proverb proclaims, "Nature, time and patience are the three great doctors". Nowadays more and more people choose to be treated by methods that are not based on Western systematic techniques that are the knowledge and practice of medicine which is usual in the West. These methods are known as â€Å"Alternative medicine†, which consists of homeopathy, acupuncture, aromatherapy, chiropractic medicine and others. Chinese medicine is also gaining popularity among people. The alternative way of treatment has verified its efficiency and is methodically founded, but, unfortunately, has its little disadvantages and needs a scientific base. For that reason, the alternative medicine is not generally available in all countries, and people have to pay for their individual treatment. Whereas some people consider it an ambiguity and do not dare try it because they consider it might be quite dangerous or insecure, some others just think about it as nonsense and pay little o r no attention to it. People who feel anxious or doubtful of it claim that if non-traditional medicine had really worked, then appropriate doctors would have used it. Nevertheless, since the early 1980s, the alternative medicine has become increasingly popular, and although it is not officially accepted by the medical base, some doctors do accept that such methods can be effective in treating some types of illnesses. Moreover, usual medicine has its boundaries, since some illnesses are untreatable and some others which are caused by mental troubles cannot be cured by its methods (Kowalski, 1998). In distinction, an alternative way of treatment can be efficient in various circumstances and there is a common approval that its methods can be valuable and advant... ...http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=2749982 Epiro, E. & Walsh, N., (1997). â€Å"Alternative Medicine–Part Two: Mind Body Medicine–Expanding Health Model†. Patient Care 15 Sept. 1997: 127-145. Retrieved: February 13, 2011, from: http://www.oppap.com/subjects/health-and-medicine-of-the-middle-ages-page6.html Furman, B., (1997). â€Å"Trendy Traditional Medicine for a Modern Age.† San Diego Business Journal 10 Mar. 1997: A7-8. Retrieved: February 13, 2011, from: www.oppapers.com/subjects/diego-rod/ Krizmanic, J., (1995). â€Å"The Best of Both Worlds† Vegetarian Times Nov. 1995: 96-101. Retrieved: February 13, 2011, from: www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0820/ Kowalski, K., (1998). Alternative Medicine Is It For You? Springfield, New Jersey: Enslow Publishers. Retrieved: February 14, 2011, from: http://biography.jrank.org/pages/553/Kowalski-Kathiann-M-1955-Writings.html

Religious Initiates Essay

Arnold Friend uses Connie’s insecurities to make her come to him. First of all Arnold uses the word â€Å"Don’tcha† when asking Connie questions. If Connie answers no she seems stupid. Tt forces her to constantly agree with what Arnold is saying or asking. Connie is a normal teenage girl and is concerned about her looks. When Arnold first pulls up Connie is described as â€Å"Her heart began to pound and her fingers snatched at her hair, checking it, and she whispered, â€Å"Christ. Christ,† wondering how bad she lookedâ€Å". Soon after Arnold tells her â€Å"You’re cute† (3), and even later â€Å"I don’t like them fat. I like them the way you are, honey† (8). He is trying to boost her ego. He looks and dresses like boys she is attracted too. Connie â€Å"liked the way he was dressed, which was the way all of them dressed: tight faded jeans stuffed into black, scuffed boots, a belt that pulled his waist in and showed how lean he was, and a white pull-over shirt that was a little soiled and showed the hard small muscles of his arms and shoulders. He looked as if he probably did hard work, lifting and carrying things. Even his neck looked muscular† (5). Arnold has all the characteristics and qualities that her parents want for her to resist. When Connie questions who Arnold is, he claims they know each other and have the same friends by listing their names â€Å"Listen: Betty Schultz and Tony Fitch and Jimmy Pettinger and Nancy Pettinger,† he said in a chant. â€Å"Raymond Stanley and Bob Hutter—† (5). He speaks as if he is singing, â€Å"He spoke in a simple lilting voice, exactly as if he were reciting the words to a song† (5) much like dangerous sirens of Greek mythology. Arnold also makes sure to have music playing that Connie likes, â€Å"Bobby King† and comments â€Å"I listen to him all the time. I think he’s great† (4). He uses slang that was popular with Connie’s school friends last year on his car â€Å"MAN THE FLYING SAUCERS. It was an expression kids had used the year before but didn’t use this year. She looked at it for a while as if the words meant something to her that she did not yet know† (6). All these things are meant to make Connie feel comfortable and at ease with Arnold. If she is comfortable she will trust him, go for a ride with him, and he can do whatever he wants with her. Arnold Friend tries hard to lure Connie away. He romances her like a young lover complimenting how she looks, sharing her taste in music and friends. But she still refuses and he play his last card. He states â€Å"I’m the boy for you, and like I said, you come out here nice like a lady and give me your hand, and nobody else gets hurt, I mean, your nice old bald-headed daddy and your mummy and your sister in her high heels. Because listen: why bring them in this? † (10). It is at this point that she realizes she has no choice but to go with him. For all the annoyance, resentment, and bitterness she displays toward her family, in the end, she is willing to give up herself for them. She must go with Arnold to save her family and maybe herself. It is through She chooses to go with Arnold because she sees that as her only alternative. Connie is initiated â€Å"into evil, and in the ending of the story they discover Connie’s capitulation to the shallow values of a debased culture† (Wesley 255). Oddly enough if she, at 15, had been as â€Å"worldly: as she would have liked – she would have been strong enough and smart enough to resist. Arnold Friend is the embodiment of evil intent. He shows himself to Connie in a way that she would feel comfortable with – as a young smooth talking boy who wants to court her. He represents the internal and external conflict that Connie has inside. She resists his various temptations but surrenders herself in hopes of saving her family from harm. At the end of the story the reader does not know what really happens to Connie. The open ended conclusion let’s the reader reflect on their own conflicts, their own insecurities and weaknesses. And we, the audience have to wonder, if the evil in the world is going to get us too. Works Cited Dessommes, Nancy Bishop. â€Å"O’Connor’s Mrs. May and Oates’s Connie: An Unlikely Pair of Religious Initiates. † Studies in Short Fiction 31. 3 (1994): 433+. Questia. 22 Apr. 2006 . Oates, Joyce Carol. â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been. † University of San Francisco. Celestial Timepiece: A Joyce Carol Oates Home Page. 25 November 2005. Wesley, Marilyn C. â€Å"Reverence, Rape, Resistance: Joyce Carol Oates and Feminist Film Theory. † Mosaic (Winnipeg) 32. 3 (1999): 75. Questia. 22 Apr. 2006 . Wesley, Marilyn C. â€Å"The Transgressive Other of Joyce Carol Oates’s Recent Fiction. † Critique 33. 4 (1992): 255-262. Questia. 22 Apr. 2006 .

Buried Secrets: Truth and Human Rights in Guatemala Essay

During the late 70’s and 80’s, Guatemala experienced the wrath of Hades as the Guatemalan army conducted a genocidal campaign against the Maya through massive violence and terrorism. This campaign was known at first as â€Å"La Situacion† but after the peace accord was signed down in 1996 the persecuted Maya used a more appropriate terminology and called it as â€Å"La Violencia†. Because of the economic sabotage of several Guerilla movements, the government was forced to â€Å"cleanse† Guatemala. Two hundred thousand people, mostly Mayan, were persecuted and murdered and one and a half million people from six hundred twenty six villages were put out of place. Victoria Sanford used the power of language in her book â€Å"Buried Secrets: Truth and Human rights in Guatemala† by gathering more than four hundred testimonies and interviews from forensic experts, human rights activists, military officers, government officials, guerilla soldiers and survivors that seeks community healing, truth and justice. The book provides genuine perspective into the experiences of the survivors as they fight to rebuild their lives and devastated community and more importantly, it shows how these testimonials became evidence of finding truth and justice for the Mayans in Guatemala. Also, the book gave emphasis on the new way of genocide the Guatemalan army carried out. People who agree with the notion that human rights are anthropology’s most important scholarly and political concern would admire Sanford’s book. Sanford sympathetically and critically documents and analyzes one of the most inhuman events in American history, the genocide against the Maya population. She observed the participants with the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation as they disinterred concealed graves, which enabled her to execute what she calls as â€Å"excavation of memories† (p.17) through collecting testimonies from survivors. She used her multisided ethnography to argue persuasively the reformation of genocide from a violent intrusion of villages to the massacre of its inhabitants and to continuous experience of aggression. This point of view is carried out from five intertwined chapters – 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 – in which Sanford explained genocide as a process rather than an event. The first stage is the militarization of the villages where the army would intrude the villages and accuse its inhabitants as sympathizers of the guerillas, specifically the Guerilla Army of the Poor, the Revolutionary Organization of Armed People, the Rebel Armed Forces, and the Guatemalan Labor Party. Villagers are then massacred by the Guatemalan army. At first, only men are murdered but at the end of the reign of terror, children and women will also be slaughtered. The army will further punish the so-called sympathizers by burning all the structures and crops leaving no place for shelter and source of living. Survivors will then flee to the mountains to hide but the army would follow and hunt them. Who ever they’ll see will either be killed or forced to join the army control. The intolerable difficulties that hiding in the mountains brings – starvation and diseases – would make the survivors surrender to the army. Those who joined the army would be sent to model villages. These are army controlled towns which came from the original lands that the Mayas possess. After being placed in model villages, the survivors would be brainwashed by the army to erase whatever sympathy with the guerillas they still have. The final step is the lurking memories of terror the army gave to the survivors. Democracy and justice is taken away from the captives making them more vulnerable from emotional stress. Sanford shows that the redefinition of mass killing and the survivors that suffered a long way during that era and told their stories through testimonies could begin the healing process. At first, this would be simply a psychological help but as one goes on, he can get the sympathy of other people that can help them rebuild their destroyed lands and unsecured futures. The author resists the desire to breakdown the stories of the survivors, but instead, she synthesized them creating a whole picture of violence and inhuman activities. The power of the book is that Sanford did not create the events and the characters. All are real events experienced by real people. Sanford’s gathered testimonies have the power to transform a private memory into a public space, where the survivors has the courage to speak. It gets away from the government’s negotiation of life-shattering events. (p. 12). Although Sanford saw hope in her field work and analysis, the issue of impunity one of her informants raised is a critical concern. The author recounts a horrible experience of a doctor whose patient was murdered while lying down on the operating table. With the doctor plastered against wall, three men with guns shot the patient to death. As the doctor said to the author, it is all about privileges, the protection from punishment of the act itself when those gun shooters did not even wear masks so as not to be recognized considering that they live in the vicinity is so visible. One of them actually lives on the same street as the doctor, and each time the doctor runs into him, he relives the moments of that murder. He sees that man every single day and the freedom is so great that the murderer does not even droop his head to express fear from justice. (p. 35). In a world where forensic anthropologists receive death threats and increasing criminal violence fills every published newspaper, a skeptic may ask, is speaking and gathering truth worth the risk just to empower equality among races? The book demonstrates clearly how the power of testimonies can help transform a land of havoc and wrath into a land of democracy and peace. Language became a powerful tool in fighting the advocacy of violence. It was evident on many parts of the book. The Maya, by being able to tell their adventurous but somewhat horrific plight, took their persecutor’s remaining authority. Also, language has become a tool for both the political and physical of space for the resistors. Language helped the genocide victims by excavating their graves and giving them decent funerals. But in order for an excavation to be carried out, it should be first decided by the court. If the court decides the approval of an excavation, testimonies are gathered to locate the mass grave and identify the found bodies. The act of excavation, which is aided by the power of testimonies, is then again a part of the healing process. The survivors who submit a petition to the court for the excavation of the bodies of their loved ones is engaged in a political process that was forbidden from them before. In this case, democracy at its least essence has become transparent. This shows that at the least, spiritual justice is obtained by those who have been brutally killed and by the relatives and friends of the bodies recovered. In addition to the author’s intervention on international human rights by writing about the reformation of genocide, she highlights the importance of the Maya survivors as a tool in history for achieving freedom and justice for those who had experience the tyranny of the army. She directly challenges the people, like the Guatemalan army, who tried to discredit her informant’s testimonies. As in the original story on which it is based, it’s analysis is of the same racist theoretical foundation that resists political consciousness and free will to the Maya whose perception, being manipulated, means to remove the society, individual memory and organization. (p. 49). By gathering information from the survivors, Sanford shows how anthropologists can aid democratic social projects. Now, though Guatemala failed to combat impunity, peace implementation and legislation to improve political awareness and participation, the current administration made progress by taking state responsibilities on some human rights violations that occurred during â€Å"La Violencia† and by supporting human rights internationally. Though the testimonies and the expertise of Sanford in anthropology did not fully helped Guatemala, evidence shows that improvements are being made to this country. The book clearly explores the intersection of memory, history and testimonies as it emphasize that through it, power from language can give the survivors power to work within a larger political system. At the end, the survivors redeemed power by the use of judicial system to attain their long-lost aspiration of truth, justice and democracy and the courts played a major role for the survivors to regain power. They decided whether to excavate the graves of the victims of genocide, they have trials for the perpetuators of genocide and most importantly, they helped in uncovering the truth behind the long violence that happened. Works Cited: Victoria Sanford. (2003). Buried Secrets: Truth and Human Rights in Guatemala. Palgrave Macmillian. New York   

Helpful Habits for Job Searching

Helpful Habits for Job Searching Scoring a job in today’s competitive market is about much more than just sending in a resume and showing up for an interview. Rather, it’s a mindful practice, with â€Å"practice† being the operative word. The more you incorporate positive habits into your job search, the greater results you’ll see. Read on to learn our picks for healthy habits for today’s job searchers. 1. Go Get ‘EmIt’s unlikely that the perfect job is going to reach out and find you, but that doesn’t mean it’s not out there. Passivity is the enemy of the productive job seeker. Instead, proactivity is your new best friend.Job boards can change by the day; make checking them an everyday activity lest the perfect possibility pass you by.Also, check in with friends, former coworkers and old classmates in relevant industries; they may be able to offer valuable leads and inside scoop on up and coming position.2. Keep Your Eye on the PrizeThe most successful j ob candidates know exactly what they want and integrate this theme into every aspect of their job search. While you might think keeping your options open opens more doors, this actually leads to fewer true opportunities in the long run.Of course, your needs and wants may change with time. Compose a list of desirable job attributes - from top employers to places to live - and regularly update it. The more purposeful you are in your searches, the more likely you are to find the right position.3. Make a Job Plan†¦and Stick To ItWhile many people suffer from procrastination, the most successful job hunters never put off for tomorrow what they can do today. List all of the tasks relate to your job search and prioritize them carefully in a spreadsheet or alternate organizational method. Routinely review this task list to stay on track. Whether your goal is to answer a preset number of postings on any given day or to refine your resume weekly, don’t deviate from the plan. No matter what.4. Better YourselfWhile your dream job is hopefully right around the corner, the job search can also take some time. The best job candidates use this time to develop themselves in meaningful ways. Whether you network to develop your professional connections or pursue continuing education opportunities, focusing on your own growth can make you a more desirable candidate in the long run. Working on these skills can also help you negotiate better compensation when you do get hired.5. Be Ready†¦For Anything and EverythingThe contemporary job market moves quickly in the digital age. The best candidates are always prepared for what’s coming next. If that 9 a.m. phone call is from a hiring manager hoping to squeeze you in at 11 a.m. that same morning, you’ll be glad you were awake and ready to go.6. Follow UpEffective job hunting isn’t just what happens before a job interview; it’s also what happens after. The most successful job hunters underst and that it’s a relationship game, and follow up goes a long way. Even if you don’t get the job this time around, a hiring manager may file your resume away when the perfect job does come around. Committing to follow up along every step of the way can ensure that your resume lands in the pipeline instead of in the recycle bin.You may have heard facts and figures about how long the average job search takes. Four months? Eight months? Some kind of salary-based calculation? While these averages may be true in the most general sense, they don’t factor in a job candidate’s own ability to directly influence the process by formulating helpful habits that lead to results.

Writing Memoirsâ€What You Need to Know to Avoid Being Sued

Writing Memoirs- What You Need to Know to Avoid Being Sued Writing Memoirs- What You Need to Know to Avoid Being Sued Everyone wants to avoid being sued. Litigation is expensive, time-consuming, and incredibly stressful. Most writers don’t have much to worry about. The odds that they’ll end up in a courtroom for something they wrote are fairly low. Our First Amendment right to free speech offers significant protection to write freely. One exception to this rule is the world of memoir.The reason the memoir genre is compelling is because it’s fascinating to read the dirty details of others’ lives. Memoir authors usually don’t write about rainbows and sunshine, they write about the salacious. Abuse, sex, addiction, and family drama- it’s the Sturm und Drang that people want to read about. This is the primary reason why memoirs open the door for lawsuits.There’s a fine balance when you’re writing your memoir. Of course, it’s your story, and as such, you want it to be told without barriers. Yet, you need to consider those you’re writin g about. They may not want to be part of your story. And, in some cases, if you violate the law, they may have the right to retaliate with a lawsuit.We can all agree that there are better things to spend your book royalties on than exorbitant legal fees. Read on for tips to avoid going from published author to professional despondent. (Note: Our first disclaimer- this article does not constitute professional legal advice. For real legal advice, consult your real live counsel, rather than looking things up on the Internet.)1. Case Study: Running with ScissorsSince we’re discussing legal issues, it seems fitting to start with a case study on the issues of memoir, defamation, and invasion of privacy.Critically acclaimed author Augusten Burroughs published the best-selling memoir, Running with Scissors in 2003. In his book, he recalled his time living with the fictional â€Å"Finches.† His book recounted abuse, drug use, dysfunctional family behavior, living in squalor, an d other unsavory details any family wouldn’t want blasted all over printed pages.Burroughs claimed that while he did change the name of the family (in real life, the Turcottes), the harrowing details of his time spent in their care were true. The Turcottes filed a defamation and invasion of privacy torts suit against Burroughs and his publisher. The family asserted that Burroughs fabricated facts and violated their privacy.Burroughs’ defense hinged on his assertion that the facts, as he wrote them, were true; therefore he had not broken any laws. The parties settled out of court. As part of the settlement, Burroughs changed his acknowledgments to say the Turcottes had â€Å"conflicting memories† of the described events. Burroughs was legally obligated to amend his book acknowledgments to read as follows:I would like to thank the real-life members of the family portrayed in this book for taking me into their home and accepting me as one of their own. I recognize that their memories of the events described in this book are different than my own. They are each fine, decent and hard-working people. The book was not intended to hurt the family. Both my publisher and I regret any unintentional harm resulting from the publishing and marketing of Running With Scissors.2. Understand the ConceptsThe best defense is a good offense. In litigation that means don’t do anything that will get you sued. Before you publish your memoir, it’s important that you understand your rights to free speech, as well as defamation and invasion of privacy issues.First Amendment ProtectionThe First Amendment protects your right to free speech. This protection applies to both the spoken and written word.DefamationIn short, defamation is when you ruin a person’s reputation. Blacks Law Dictionary defines defamation as, â€Å"The taking from one’s reputation. The offense of injuring a persons character, fame, or reputation by false and malicious statements.† The term covers both libel (written) and slander (spoken).Only living people can sue for defamation, so someone can’t file a lawsuit against you for defamation through an estate or relatives.Invasion of PrivacyInvasion of privacy lawsuits hinge on public disclosure of private facts. Private facts are sensitive information that the average person would not want to share with the general public; for example, medical records, adoption records, abuse, alcoholism, etc. Just as with defamation, an invasion of privacy suit can’t be brought by an estate or relatives. Even if what you write is 100% true, someone can still bring an invasion of privacy suit based on public disclosure of private facts.3. Preventing a Defamation Cause of ActionThe best defense against defamation is the truth. Suppose you write that your neighbor was convicted of axe murder. He can’t bring a defamation suit against you if he was, in fact, convicted of axe murder. But if you write, â€Å"my neighbor could be capable of axe murder because he’s crazy,† then you’ve got some defamation issues.Practical Tips to Stay Out of Courtroom:If your facts will not hold up as 100% true in a court of law, you can open yourself up to defamation. Before you write, make sure to check your facts. You want to know that if you’re writing about something controversial, that you’re not fabricating the truth.The second tip to avoid defaming your memoir characters is to frame controversial statements as your opinion. Opinions are (*usually) legally considered â€Å"protected expression.† That said, there are parameters. You can’t simply state that blatantly false statements are opinions and get away it. Writing, â€Å"In my opinion, Sara Smith is a prostitute†- when Sara Smith is an upstanding mom and doctor- will get you in trouble. Your opinion needs to be balanced by evidence and supported by actual fact.The third tip t o avoid defamation issues is to change anyidentifying information about your book characters. In order to prevail in a defamation case, the defamed must prove others are able to identify him from your writing. A caveat: This doesn’t mean by name alone! People can claim defamation if one could reasonably identify them through their actions, clothing, quotes, physical appearance, address, or any number of identifying points.The fourth tip is that defamation rests upon subjective principles. When in doubt, err on the side of caution about disclosing details that may or may not be true. If you can’t defend the truth in a court of law, don’t publish it.The final tip is to print a disclaimer in your preface, intro, or acknowledgements. Simply by stating your memories are imperfect but you’re sharing to the best of knowledge and that you’ve changed identifies can stave off legal woes.4. Avoiding an Invasion of Privacy Cause of ActionJust as with a defamat ion lawsuit, an invasion of privacy lawsuit turns on subjective opinions to be decided on a case-by-case basis. This means that the individual facts of each case will decide the outcome.Common sense dictates that there are certain private facts, which a person would not want shared with the public. If a good friend had given up a child for adoption, and you were the only person she told, then disclosing that in your memoir would open the doors to an invasion of privacy lawsuit. The same would apply to sensitive information such as private health matters, abuse, addiction, or any information would not be readily accessible to the public.Certain public or high profile individuals may have less protection against invasion of privacy. The legal theory is that because they have opened their lives to public scrutiny, then the bar is lower for privacy protection. If unsavory facts can be classified as public interest, then you may be able to disclose certain things about public individuals . The crux of this issue would turn on whether your facts are related to a matter of â€Å"public concern.†Practical Tips to Stay Out of the Courtroom:There are several ways to avoid invasion of privacy lawsuits. Our first tip is to get written permission from your characters. If you obtain written consent, they can’t later file a suit stating you’ve breached their privacy.Our second tip is the same as with defamation: Change all identifying characteristics. Give your characters a different name, different job, different wardrobes- anything you can change to prevent them from being recognized by your words affords you a degree of protection. Some writers like to create an amalgam of characters to mix up identifying facts.Our third tip is tell the truth. Dont lie (or even embellish). It’s unethical at best; at worst, it can get you in legal hot water.Our fourth tip is carefully weigh the impact of disclosing inflammatory, sensitive, or embarrassing informa tion. Are such disclosures essential to your story? If so, tread carefully and use our rules for how to proceed with caution. If you’re on the fence, it’s always wise to run your concerns by a lawyer to head off any issues before you publish. Paying for an hour or two of legal time is far better than being a defendant in a court case.The best memoirs are brazen, open, and honest about life, even when the facts are tough to write about. Your obligation as a memoirist is to tell your story and honor the truth. By considering the impact of those in your real life and making efforts to protect them, you’ll avoid legal troubles down the line.Like what you read and want to learn more? We’re holding a FREE online workshop where Chandler is revealing the exact tactics and strategies he used to write and publish 6 bestselling books in a row†¦ and use them to build a 7-figure business in less than 2 years.Click here to save your spot now!

Indigenous Culture Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Indigenous Culture - Coursework Example Kunz & Vibha (2008) explain that the Naga people were traditionally hunters and gathers. They lived on hilltops and therefore enjoyed a vantage position, which they in turn used to raid other communities in the plains. They carried out systematic raids for cattle and food. With time, they began farming and rearing livestock. This way, farming became their main pattern of subsistence. The various tribes of the Naga people have egalitarian societies. They live in villages that are closely-knit units (Stirn & Peter, 2008). The units comprise of clans and families that intermarry thereby strengthening their villages. Families in the Naga culture were monogamous with society considering fidelity to spouses a major virtue. The culture does not permit people to marry from their own clans. The culture considers such unions as incest and therefore encourages inter-clan marriages. The Naga culture is a preliterate culture owing to the lack of writing abilities of the populace. The Naga people had unique religious beliefs that included the worship of ancestors and a supernatural being. They believed that their ancestors protected them and therefore invested in appeasing the spirits of the ancestors. They offered animal and crop sacrifices with some people dropping portions to the ground before they eat with the view to appeasing the spirits. As explained earlier, the Naga people have a warrior tradition with the society’s youth joining a class of warriors who traditionally raided neighboring societies. The societies are patriarchal and the family is the basic social unit. Respect for fathers among other male elders in the society is paramount with women having distinctive roles. The culture expects women to show both obedience and humility to their men. The culture had a unique attire with the man’s clothing remaining distinctive. Men’s clothing